Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of the overall cohort stratified by mean heart rate
| Â | Mean heart rate | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 21,655) |  < 60 bpm (n = 1,680) | 60–69 bpm (n = 5,834) | 70–79 bpm (n = 7,914) | 80–89 bpm (n = 4,027) |  ≥ 90 (n = 2,200) | ||
Age (years) | < .001 | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 67.35 (12.93) | 67.84 (11.53) | 66.73 (12.28) | 66.72 (12.91) | 67.88 (13.58) | 69.96 (14.03) |  |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 68 (59, 77) | 68 (60, 76) | 67 (59, 76) | 67 (58, 77) | 69 (59, 78) | 72 (61, 81) |  |
Men, n (%) | 13,400 (61.88) | 1,224 (72.86) | 3,829 (65.63) | 4,902 (61.94) | 2,262 (56.17) | 1,183 (53.77) | < .001 |
eNIHSS | < .001 | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 7.25 (5.88) | 5.60 (4.00) | 5.73 (4.11) | 6.36 (4.87) | 8.40 (6.48) | 13.65 (8.16) |  |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 4 (4, 8) | 4 (4, 4) | 4 (4, 4) | 4 (4, 6) | 4 (4, 11) | 14 (4, 20) |  |
Medical history, n (%) | |||||||
 Hypertension | 16,167 (74.66) | 1,267 (75.42) | 4,437 (76.05) | 5,983 (75.60) | 3,004 (74.60) | 1,476 (67.09) | < .001 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 8,680 (40.08) | 468 (27.86) | 2,013 (34.50) | 3,362 (42.48) | 1,879 (46.66) | 958 (43.55) | < .001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 9,764 (45.09) | 846 (50.36) | 2,845 (48.77) | 3,682 (46.53) | 1,692 (42.02) | 699 (31.77) | < .001 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 3,106 (14.34) | 151 (8.99) | 547 (9.38) | 929 (11.74) | 796 (19.77) | 683 (31.05) | < .001 |
 Coronary artery disease | 1,917 (8.85) | 140 (8.33) | 467 (8.00) | 660 (8.34) | 403 (10.01) | 247 (11.23) | < .001 |
 Heart failure | 1,179 (5.44) | 59 (3.51) | 219 (3.75) | 387 (4.89) | 274 (6.80) | 240 (10.91) | < .001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 5,967 (27.55) | 618 (36.79) | 1,885 (32.31) | 2,087 (26.37) | 902 (22.40) | 475 (21.59) | < .001 |
History of cancer, n (%) | 1,452 (6.71) | 103 (6.13) | 307 (5.26) | 494 (6.24) | 299 (7.42) | 249 (11.32) | < .001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | < .001 | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 24.84 (4.24) | 24.79 (3.78) | 24.97 (4.01) | 25.02 (4.31) | 24.73 (4.39) | 24.21 (4.59) |  |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 24.5 (22.1, 27.2) | 24.6 (22.4, 27.1) | 24.7 (22.4, 27.2) | 24.7 (22.2, 27.4) | 24.3 (21.9, 27.2) | 23.8 (21.2, 26.7) |  |
Laboratory data | |||||||
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 4.62 (1.13) | 4.56 (1.01) | 4.64 (1.03) | 4.67 (1.11) | 4.63 (1.26) | 4.44 (1.26) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 4.53 (3.89, 5.23) | 4.51 (3.89, 5.13) | 4.56 (3.94, 5.23) | 4.56 (3.91, 5.28) | 4.51 (3.81, 5.26) | 4.30 (3.63,5.13) |  |
 Triglyceride (mmol/L) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 1.52 (1.13) | 1.40 (0.88) | 1.49 (0.92) | 1.56 (1.17) | 1.58 (1.29) | 1.42 (1.31) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 1.25 (0.90, 1.79) | 1.22 (0.89, 1.70) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.77) | 1.29 (0.93, 1.84) | 1.25 (0.90, 1.86) | 1.13 (0.80, 1.64) |  |
 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 2.86 (0.94) | 2.87 (0.85) | 2.90 (0.89) | 2.88 (0.93) | 2.84 (1.03) | 2.71 (1.01) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.79 (2.22, 3.41) | 2.81 (2.30, 3.36) | 2.84 (2.30, 3.41) | 2.82 (2.25, 3.44) | 2.74 (2.17, 3.41) | 2.59 (2.02, 3.28) |  |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 76.98 (32.57) | 78.07 (26.73) | 79.55 (29.17) | 77.80 (32.29) | 74.30 (35.54) | 71.30 (38.85) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 76.96 (57.05, 96.26) | 77.86 (61.25, 94.51) | 79.47 (61.22, 97.35) | 77.93 (58.23, 97.08) | 73.91 (51.56, 95.51) | 69.06 (46.35, 91.83) |  |
 ALT (U/L) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 26.85 (33.43) | 25.57 (22.70) | 26.31 (23.73) | 26.57 (26.09) | 27.67 (55.32) | 28.80 (32.50) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 21 (16, 29) | 21 (16, 28) | 21 (16, 29) | 21 (16, 30) | 20 (15, 29) | 21 (15, 31) |  |
 HbA1c (%) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 6.89 (1.89) | 6.37 (1.28) | 6.68 (1.71) | 6.93 (1.89) | 7.17 (2.10) | 7.15 (2.16) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 6.1 (5.7, 7.4) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.5) | 6.0 (5.7, 7.0) | 6.2 (5.7, 7.6) | 6.3 (5.7, 8.0) | 6.3 (5.7, 7.9) |  |
 Mean SBP (mmHg) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 151.04 (19.64) | 153.40 (20.27) | 151.90 (19.52) | 150.73 (19.13) | 151.58 (20.01) | 146.91 (19.98) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 153.1 (137.2, 164.5) | 153.1 (139.4, 167.6) | 153.9 (138.1, 165.3) | 149.2 (137.1, 163.7) | 151.1 (137.9, 165.4) | 146.1 (133.0, 161.0) |  |
 Mean DBP (mmHg) | < .001 | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 84.81 (11.17) | 82.56 (10.97) | 84.38 (10.94) | 85.21 (10.69) | 86.02 (11.67) | 84.01 (12.28) |  |
  Median (Q1, Q3) | 84.3 (77.2, 92.1) | 82.2 (75.2, 89.5) | 83.9 (76.9, 91.5) | 84.4 (78.0, 92.0) | 85.5 (78.0, 94.2) | 84.0 (75.9, 92.5) |  |
 Medications at discharge, n (%) | |||||||
  Antithrombotics | 20,731 (95.73) | 1,645 (97.92) | 5,688 (97.50) | 7,647 (96.62) | 3,802 (94.41) | 1,949 (88.59) | < .001 |
  Statins | 11,380 (52.55) | 942 (56.07) | 3,232 (55.40) | 4,179 (52.81) | 2,045 (50.78) | 982 (44.64) | < .001 |
  Beta-blockers | 7,430 (34.31) | 428 (25.48) | 1,777 (30.46) | 2,666 (33.69) | 1,541 (38.27) | 1,018 (46.27) | < .001 |