Table 2 Multivariable Cox regression model for major adverse cardiovascular events

Mean heart rate (ref: < 60 bpm)

 60–69 bpm

1.13

(1.01–1.26)

.03

 70–79 bpm

1.35

(1.22–1.50)

< .001

 80–89 bpm

1.64

(1.47–1.83)

< .001

 ≥ 90 bpm

2.08

(1.85–2.34)

< .001

Age

1.02

(1.02–1.03)

< .001

Male (ref: female)

1.20

(1.14–1.27)

< .001

Stroke severity (ref: mild, eNIHSS ≤ 5)

 Moderate, eNIHSS 6–13

1.23

(1.16–1.31)

< .001

 Severe, eNIHSS > 13

2.47

(2.31–2.63)

< .001

Medical history

 Hypertension (ref: without hypertension)

0.92

(0.87–0.98)

.005

 DM (ref: without DM)

1.10

(1.04–1.16)

< .001

 Dyslipidemia (ref: without dyslipidemia)

0.89

(0.85–0.94)

< .001

 AF (ref: without AF)

1.00

(0.94–1.07)

.98

 CAD (ref: without CAD)

1.10

(1.02–1.18)

.01

 HF (ref: without HF)

1.27

(1.17–1.39)

< .001

 History of cancer (ref: without Cancer)

1.60

(1.48–1.73)

< .001

Current smoker (ref: non-smoker)

1.08

(1.02–1.14)

.009

Body mass index (ref: ≥ 18.5, < 24)

 < 18.5

0.79

(0.70–0.88)

< .001

 ≥ 24, < 27

0.70

(0.62–0.79)

< .001

 ≥ 27, < 30

0.73

(0.64–0.83)

< .001

 ≥ 30

0.69

(0.59–0.80)

< .001

Laboratory data

 Total cholesterol (ref: ≤ Q1)

  > Q1, ≤ median

0.94

(0.87–1.02)

.11

  > median, ≤ Q3

0.94

(0.85–1.04)

.21

  > Q3

0.92

(0.81–1.04)

.19

 Triglyceride (ref: ≤ Q1)

  > Q1, ≤ median

0.92

(0.87–0.98)

.01

  > median, ≤ Q3

0.94

(0.88–1.00)

.06

  > Q3

0.98

(0.91–1.06)

.63

 LDL cholesterol (ref: ≤ Q1)

  > Q1, ≤ median

0.99

(0.91–1.06)

.70

  > median, ≤ Q3

0.98

(0.88–1.07)

.60

  > Q3

0.99

(0.88–1.12)

.87

 CKD (ref: stage 1)

  Stage 2

1.08

(1.02–1.15)

.01

  Stage 3–5

1.42

(1.34–1.51)

< .001

 Alanine aminotransferase (ref: ≤ Q1)

  > Q1, ≤ median

0.88

(0.83–0.94)

< .001

  > median, ≤ Q3

0.86

(0.81–0.92)

< .001

  > Q3

0.93

(0.87–0.99)

.02

 HbA1c (ref: ≤ Q1)

  > Q1, ≤ median

1.00

(0.92–1.09)

.95

  > median, ≤ Q3

1.03

(0.95–1.13)

.47

  > Q3

1.10

(1.00–1.21)

.06

Mean SBP (ref: < 130 mmHg)

 ≥ 130, < 140 mmHg

0.94

(0.87–1.02)

.16

 ≥ 140, < 150 mmHg

0.98

(0.90–1.07)

.66

 ≥ 150, < 160 mmHg

1.03

(0.94–1.12)

.60

 ≥ 160 mmHg

1.12

(1.02–1.23)

.02

Mean DBP (ref: < 70 mmHg)

 ≥ 70, < 80 mmHg

0.85

(0.78–0.92)

< .001

 ≥ 80, < 90 mmHg

0.72

(0.66–0.79)

< .001

 ≥ 90, < 100 mmHg

0.75

(0.67–0.83)

< .001

 ≥ 100 mmHg

0.70

(0.61–0.80)

< .001

Medication at discharge

 Antithrombotics

0.57

(0.52–0.62)

< .001

 Statins

0.94

(0.88–0.99)

.02

 Beta-blockers

0.99

(0.94–1.04)

.68