Table 3 Results of the cognitive assessment tests for the control and LC groups. Median(IQR) values are presented for net and normalised scores. The number and percentage of participants are shown for performance categories (normal, mildly impaired, and impaired). P-values correspond to the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-squared tests, with no corrections applied for multiple comparisons
Control (28) | Long COVID (109) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
TMT - A | Score, median(IQR) | 38.0(31.5–42.5) | 41.0(33.0–51.0) | 0.12 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 35.0(22.5–55.0) | 25.0(10.0–50.0) | 0.05 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 26(96.3%) / 1(3.7%) / 0(0.0%) | 93(85.3%) / 4(3.7%) / 12(11.0%) | 0.19 | |
TMT - B | Score, median(IQR) | 85.0(63.5–107.0) | 85.0(68.0-112.0) | 0.26 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 30.0(20.0-47.5) | 30.0(15.0–55.0) | 0.63 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 27(100.0%) / 0(0.0%) / 0(0.0%) | 99(90.8%) / 5(4.6%) / 5(4.6%) | 0.26 | |
DGS – F (Digit Span Forward) | Score, median(IQR) | 6.0(6.0–7.0) | 7.0(6.0–8.0) | 0.23 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 18.0(16.0–30.0) | 22.0(17.0–51.0) | 0.16 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 21(77.8%) / 0(0.0%) / 6(22.2%) | 86(78.9%) / 0(0.0%) / 23(21.1%) | 1.00 | |
DGS - B (Digit Span Backward) | Score, median(IQR) | 5.0(4.0–6.0) | 5.0(4.0–7.0) | 0.66 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 31.0(9.0–53.0) | 30.0(12.0–54.0) | 0.81 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 21(77.8%) / 4(14.8%) / 2(7.4%) | 91(83.5%) / 4(3.7%) / 14(12.8%) | 0.07 | |
Stroop W | Score, median(IQR) | 96.0(81.2–101.0) | 92.0(80.0-105.0) | 0.62 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 42.5(21.2–68.8) | 40.0(10.0–75.0) | 0.69 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 24(88.9%) / 0(0.0%) / 2(7.4%) | 89(81.7%) / 5(4.6%) / 15(13.8%) | 0.35 | |
Stroop C | Score, median(IQR) | 65.0(59.2–72.5) | 63.0(54.0–70.0) | 0.30 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 42.5(31.2–58.8) | 35.0(15.0–65.0) | 0.42 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 24(88.9%) / 2(7.4%) / 0(0.0%) | 87(79.8%) / 7(6.4%) / 15(13.8%) | 0.13 | |
Stroop CW | Score, median(IQR) | 41.0(33.5–45.8) | 39.0(34.0–44.0) | 0.61 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 47.5(20.0–70.0) | 50.0(23.8–70.0) | 0.85 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 25(92.6%) / 0(0.0%) / 1(3.7%) | 103(94.5%) / 1(0.9%) / 5(4.6%) | 0.87 | |
Stroop Interf | Score, median(IQR) | 1.5(-2.5-5.8) | 1.0(-3.0-6.0) | 0.76 |
Normalised score, median(IQR) | 60.0(36.2–75.0) | 55.0(35.0–80.0) | 0.57 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 25(92.6%) / 0(0.0%) / 1(3.7%) | 104(95.4%) / 0(0.0%) / 5(4.6%) | 1.00 | |
MOCA | Score, median(IQR) | 26.0(24.0–28.0) | 26.0(24.0–27.0) | 0.66 |
Z score, median(IQR) | 0.5(-0.4-1.1) | 0.5(-0.1-0.8) | 0.56 | |
Performance (A / MI / I)* | 23(85.2%) / 3(11.1%) / 1(3.7%) | 93(85.3%) / 5(4.6%) / 11(10.1%) | 0.28 |