Table 4 Mean ± Std of brain volumes and the regions showing significant differences in volume and thickness between the LC and control groups. The F and p values from ANCOVA tests, and p-values from t-tests are presented. Additionally, p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using permutations tests (p_mc_perm) are included
Mean ± SD | Control (28) | Long COVID (109) | F | p-value | p_mc_perm | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume [cm3]* | Grey Matter | 777.1 ± 40.3 | 757.27 ± 39.47 | 2.95 | 0.09 | - |
White Matter | 760.7 ± 35.5 | 744.22 ± 39.41 | 2.50 | 0.12 | - | |
Total Brain | 1537.8 ± 67.0 | 1501.49 ± 70.03 | 3.53 | 0.06 | - | |
Right Cerebellum Cortex | 55.40 ± 4.75 | 52.60 ± 5.49 | 4.63 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
Left Cerebellum Cortex | 54.43 ± 4.33 | 51.64 ± 5.24 | 5.14 | 0.03 | 0.13 | |
Left Lingual Gyrus | 6.74 ± 0.88 | 6.31 ± 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.17 | ||
Left Inferior Parietal | 12.30 ± 1.78 | 11.45 ± 1.75 | 0.03 | 0.19 | ||
Right Inferior Temporal | 11.00 ± 1.69 | 10.30 ± 1.52 | 0.04 | 0.19 | ||
Cortical Thickness [mm]† | Left Lingual Gyrus | 2.03 ± 0.12 | 1.95 ± 0.10 | - | < 0.01 | 0.03 |
Left Postcentral Gyrus | 2.12 ± 0.11 | 2.07 ± 0.09 | - | 0.02 | 0.03 | |
Left Superior Parietal Gyrus | 2.27 ± 0.15 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Left Precuneus | 2.45 ± 0.12 | 2.38 ± 0.10 | - | 0.01 | 0.11 | |
Left Supramarginal Gyrus | 2.54 ± 0.13 | 2.48 ± 0.10 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Left Banks of the Superior Temporal Sulcus | 2.53 ± 0.15 | 2.44 ± 0.12 | - | < 0.01 | 0.04 | |
Right Postcentral Gyrus | 2.14 ± 0.14 | 2.07 ± 0.14 | - | 0.03 | 0.08 | |
Right Superior Temporal Gyrus | 2.81 ± 0.10 | 2.76 ± 0.12 | - | 0.049 | 0.08 | |
Right Precuneus | 2.45 ± 0.10 | 2.40 ± 0.10 | - | 0.02 | 0.11 |