Healthcare utilization and costs for patients with Parkinson’s disease in Taiwan

BMC Neurology

Table 3 Mean predicted values¹ of medical care utilization and costs among patients with PD by disease PD severity^a

Variables	Mild PD patients (N = 16,595)		Moderate PD patients (N = 16,597)				Severe PD patients (N = 17,098)
Variables	Predicted mean	SE	Standardized betas^b	Predicted mean	SE	P-value¹	Standardized betas^b	Predicted mean	SE	P-value¹
Frequency of Care
Outpatient Care^c	152.50	1.14	0.01	156.34	1.14	0.02	0.16	201.81	1.13	< .001
Inpatient Care^d	3.09	0.03	0.01	3.16	0.03	0.13	0.06	3.58	0.03	< .001
Accidents (in- or outpatient)	4.28	0.05	0.01	4.44	0.05	0.03	0.08	5.52	0.05	< .001
Hospitalization Days^e	42.06	1.03	0.02	47.22	1.03	0.0004	0.02	46.89	1.02	0.001
Cost of Care^f (NT$/10³)
Outpatient Care^c	295.20	3.42	0.03	320.08	3.41	< .0001	0.18	464.29	3.38	< .001
Inpatient Care^d	260.46	4.64	0.01	272.11	4.63	0.08	0.02	291.32	4.59	< .001
Accidents (in- or outpatient)	19.07	0.26	0.02	20.23	0.26	0.002	0.08	25.13	0.26	< .001
Total Medical Costs	574.73	6.22	0.02	612.42	6.21	< .0001	0.12	780.74	6.15	< .001
Drug cost (NT$/10³)
Outpatient Care^c	130.60	1.63	0.06	160.88	1.63	< .0001	0.31	278.15	1.61	< .001
Inpatient Care^d	36.18	0.67	0.003	36.79	0.67	0.52	0.01	38.37	0.67	0.02
Accidents (in- or outpatient)	1.54	0.04	0.01	1.67	0.04	0.01	0.06	2.16	0.04	< .001
Total Drug Costs	168.32	1.83	0.06	199.34	1.82	< .0001	0.29	318.68	1.81	< .001

Standardized betas allow to compare patients with moderate and severe PD to patients with mild PD
SE Standard error
^aThe average length of follow-up was 5.16 years for Mild PD cases and 5.30 years for Moderate PD cases and 7.26 years for Sever PD cases. The total follow-up person years was 85,693.73 years for Mild PD cases and 87,924.18 years for Moderate PD cases and 124,093.29 years for Sever PD cases
^bThe reference group is Mild PD cases group
^cExclude accidents and emergency care/medical costs
^dExclude accidents care/medical costs
^eTotal hospitalization days including hospitalization due to accidents
^fCosts were deflated by the consumer price index (CPI) with the base year of 2016
¹Models were adjusted for age, gender, urbanization status, insurance premium, and comorbidity

ISSN: 1471-2377