Table 1 Characteristics of included literatures

Zhuang et al.

2020 [34]

China

14/19

61.57 ± 13.25/

60.58 ± 9.21

68.57 ± 45.29 M

70.37 ± 52.26 M

①/rTMS

1 Hz

110%RMT

Right

DLPFC

20 min/d,10d

MOCA

HAMD

-

UPDRSIII

-

Hu et al.

2023 [32]

China

47/47

68.13 ± 5.41/

68.13 ± 5.41

4.21 ± 0.69

4.30 ± 0.71

②/②rTMS

5 Hz

80%MT

Bilatera

DLPFC

5times/week,2week

-

-

-

UPDRSIII

-

Chen et al.

2014 [40]

China

18/21

66.61 ± 8.00/

65.81 ± 9.38、63.19 ± 8.16

6.22 ± 3.96

5.88 ± 5.29

①/rTMS

1 Hz/5Hz

100%RMT

M1

1times/d,10d

-

HAMD

-

UPDRSIII

-

Yu et al.

2017 [39]

China

30/31

60.16 ± 10.14/

60.32 ± 9.63

2.62 ± 0.86

2.33 ± 0.74

①②/rTMS

5 Hz

100%MEP

Bilatera

DLPFC

1times/d,10d

-

-

-

UPDRSIII

-

Li et al.

2019 [36]

China

41/41

54.54 ± 3. 51/

54. 51 ± 3. 49

3.12 ± 0.53

3.13 ± 0.55

②③/②③rTMS

5 Hz

80%MT

Bilatera

DLPFC

1times/d,

5 d /w,4w

MoCA

-

-

UPDRSIII

-

Dong et al.

2018 [38]

China

30/30

65.83 ± 11.57

7.3 ± 2.4

②/②rTMS

5 Hz

80%MT

BilateraDLPFC

1times/d,

5d /w,4w

MoCA

-

-

-

-

Li et al.

2020 [35]

China

24/24

61.46 ± 8.40/

61.67 ± 6.92

6.46 ± 5.17

5.48 ± 3.69

①/rTMS

20 Hz

80%RMT

M1

20 min/d

-

HAMD

-

-

-

Chung et al.

2020 [33]

Hong Kong

16/17

62.1 ± 5.7/

62.1 ± 5.7

62.7 ± 6.8

6.9 ± 3.3

7.5 ± 4.9

①/rTMS

1 Hz/25Hz

80%RMT

M1

20 min/times, 5times/d

-

-

TUGT

UPDRSIII

-

Mi et al.

2019 [37]

China

10/20

65.60 ± 8.68/

62.65 ± 10.56

7.40 ± 4.83

9.15 ± 5.82

①/rTMS

10 Hz

46.0 ± 6.8%/

45.6%±6.7%

SMA

1times/d,

5d/w,2w

-

-

TUGT

UPDRSIII

FOG-Q

Khedr et al.

2019 [41]

United Kingdom

11/19

57.4 ± 10.0/

60.7 ± 8.8

6.5 ± 3.7

5.7 ± 3.9

①/rTMS

20 Hz

90%RMT

M1

10times/d,

5d/w

-

-

-

UPDRSIII

-

Cohen et al.

2018 [42]

United Kingdom

21/21

66.8 ± 8.1/

64.4 ± 6.8

5.6 ± 3.7

4.7 ± 3.4

①/rTMS

1/10Hz

110%/

100%RMT

M1/DLPFC

1times/d, 12w

-

-

TUGT

-

-

Brys et al.

2016 [43]

United Kingdom

15/12

64.0 ± 7.4/

64.6 ± 12.3

4.5 ± 2.2

7.7 ± 4.2

①/rTMS

10 Hz

-

Left DLPFC

2,000times/d, 10d

-

HAMD

-

UPDRSIII

-

Kim et al.

2015 [44]

South Korea

17

64.5 ± 8.4

7.8 ± 4.9

①/rTMS

10 Hz

90%RMT

M1

5times/w

-

-

TUGT

UPDRSIII

FOG-Q

Pal et al.

2010 [46]

United Kingdom

10/12

67.5(57.0,72.0)/

68.5(59.5,70.0)

6.5(3.75–10.5)

6.0(3.0–9.5)

①/rTMS

5 Hz

90%RMT

Left DLPFC

600times/d,10 d

-

-

TUGT

UPDRSIII

-

Benninger et al.

2012 [45]

United States

13/13

63.7 ± 8.3/

64.5 ± 9.1

9.3 ± 6.8

8.6 ± 4.1

①/rTMS

50 Hz

80%AMT

M1

1times/d, 4d/w, 2w

-

-

-

-

FOG-Q