Table 1 Summary and comparison of study variables between patient groups
Characteristic | Total (n = 98) | HFNC Success (n = 75) | HFNC Failure (n = 23) | p Value ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.3 (17.9) | 41.4 (18.3) | 49.7 (15.4) | 0.05 |
Male, n (%) | 74 (75.5) | 55 (73.3) | 19 (82.6) | |
Female, n (%) | 22 (24.5) | 20 (26.7) | 4 (17.4) | 0.42 |
Diagnosis, n(%) | ||||
Traumatic Brain injury | 41 (41.8) | 31 (41.3) | 10 (43.5) | |
Non-Traumatic Brain injury | 57 (58.2) | 44 (58.7) | 13 (56.5) | 0.52 |
Neurological emergencies | 26 (45.6) | 19 (43.2) | 7 (53.8) | |
Post operative neurosurgery | 31 (54.4) | 25 (56.8) | 6 (46.2) | |
Indication for HFNC, n(%) | 0.48 | |||
Increased work of breathing | 82 (83.7) | 64 (85.3) | 18 (78.3) | |
Stridor | 10 (10.2) | 5 (6.7) | 5 (21.7) | |
Hypoxemic respiratory failure | 4 (4.1) | 4 (5.3) | ||
Hypercapnic respiratory failure | 2 (2) | 2 (2.7) | ||
GCS score, mean (SD) | 11.1 (2.9) | 11.4 (2.71) | 10 (3.35) | 0.08 |
Mild (12–15), n(%) | 35 (36) | 29 (38.7) | 6 (26.1) | |
Moderate (8–11), n(%) | 41 (42) | 34 (45.3) | 7 (30.4) | |
Severe (3–7), n(%) | 22 (22) | 12 (16) | 10 (43.5) | 0.02 |
HFNC Settings, mean (SD) | ||||
Initial Flow setting - litres/min | 54 (10.4) | 53.6 (4) | 55.2 (8.5) | 0.21 |
First Flow change -litres/min | 43.6 (10.4) | 43 (10.3) | 47.5 (10.6) | 0.01 |
Second Flow change – litres/min | 39 (9.4) | 37.8(8) | 60 | < 0.001 |
Initial FiO2 setting | 0.49 (0.13) | 0.38 (0.08) | 0.52 (0.13) | 0.52 |
First FiO2 change | 0.4 (0.09) | 0.48 (0.12) | 0.48 (0.11) | 0.16 |
Second FiO2 change | 0.34 (0.06) | 0.34 (0.08) | 0.4 | 0.01 |
HFNC utilisation, days * | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | |
Total Cost, Rupees in lacs * | 3.5 (2, 5.5) | 2.5 (1.6, 4.4) | 5.4 (3.5, 7.4) | 0.02 |
Percent cost of HFNC, mean(SD) | 5.6 (3.9) | 6.2 (4.2) | 4 (2.4) | 0.21 |