Table 1 Baseline details of included studies
Study | Location | Design | Sample size | Males (%) | Age (years) | DM (%) | HT (%) | DL (%) | AF (%) | Exp-osure | Exposure level (umol/L) | % with high level | Adjusted factors | FU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perlstein 2008 [26] | USA | CS | 453 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | TB | Highest: 0.8–12.9 Lowest: 0.1–0.5 | 26.9 | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, hypertension, total to HDL cholesterol ratio, and diabetes | NR |
Pineda 2008 [25] | USA | CS | 743 | 47.6 | 67.5 | 24.3 | 67 | NR | 19.7 | DB | Highest: ≥0.4 Lowest: ≤0.1 (mg/dl) | 5 | Sex, serum glucose, prior antithrombotic use, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and mRS scores | NR |
Luo 2012 [24] | China | CS | 531 | 63.5 | 67 | NR | 63.4 | NR | 14 | TB DB | Highest: TB ≥ 22.2; DB ≥ 6.84 Lowest: TB ≥ 10.2; DB ≤ 3.42 | TB: 25.4 DB: 18 | Age, sex, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, HDL, cholesterol | NR |
Xu 2013 [34] | China | CS | 2361 | 63.2 | 63.9 | 13.4 | 61.4 | 38.1 | 3.1 | TB DB | Highest: TB 18–88; DB 4.2–37 Lowest: TB 1–10; DB 0.4–2.0 | NR | Age, sex, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, blood levels of glucose and lipids, blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, sodium, hematocrit, history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, and atrial fibrillation, family history of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes | NR |
Tan 2015 [33] | China | CS | 2788 | 60.1 | 63.5 | 27.1 | 62.2 | 20 | 19.4 | TB | Highest: ≥18 Lowest: <9.8 | 25.5 | DL, AF, NIHSS, glucose, AST | NR |
Geng 2016 [32] | China | CS | 301 | 57.1 | 64.1 | 19.3 | 60.8 | NR | NR | DB | Continuous variable | NR | Age, residence, recurrent ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, NIHSS score at admission, lacunar stroke, time from onset of stroke to admission, C reactive protein, albumin, fibrinogen and D-dimer | Discharge |
Jian 2020 [31] | China | CS | 153 | 61.4 | 65.4 | 42.5 | 57.5 | 33.3 | 40.5 | TB, DB, IB | Continuous variable | NR | Age, NIHSS, coronary artery disease, glucose, cardioembolic stroke | 48Â h |
Li 2020 [28] | China | CS | 610 | 63.1 | 66.7 | 33.1 | 73.1 | NR | NR | TB, DB | NR | NR | HDL, cholesterol, triglyceride | NR |
Ouyang 2021 [30] | China | RC | 10,339 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | TB, DB, IB | Highest: TB ≥ 17.67 Lowest: TB ≤ 9.9 | NR | Age, sex, history of diabetes, AF, smoking status, stroke subtype, TOAST, hypoglycemic agents, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant agents, baseline NIHSS, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase and AST | 1 year |
Peng 2021 [29] | China | RC | 588 | 66.5 | 64.9 | 28 | 64.6 | 21 | NR | TB, DB, IB | Highest: TB ≥ 14.2; DB ≥ 5.1, IB ≥ 9.5 Lowest: TB < 7.8; DB < 2.7; IB < 4.8 | 25.2 (All) | Age, sex, onset-time to treatment, admission glucose level, alanine aminotransferase, AST, smoking, alcohol drinking, history of stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, HT, DM, DL, admission NIHSS score | 3 months |
Chen X 2023 [27] | China | CS | 557 | 66.5 | 70 | 27.4 | 77.7 | 31.4 | 27.4 | TB, DB, IB | Highest: TB ≥ 20.6; DB ≥ 5.3, IB ≥ 15.6 Lowest: TB ≤ 11.8; DB ≤ 2.7; IB ≤ 8.8 | NR | age, sex, NIHSS score, endovascular treatment, stroke etiology, international normalized ratio, and uric acid | 36 h |
Chen J 2023 [23] | China | RC | 247 | 71.3 | 67 | 26.3 | 61.1 | NR | 13.4 | TB | Highest: ≥21 Lowest: <9 | 48.6 | Age, sex, AF, HT, DM, baseline mRS, NIHSS score, white blood cell count, glucose level, platelet count, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, level, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, hemoglobin, glucose, AST | 7 days |
Duan 2023 [22] | China | CS | 527 | 69.8 | 64 | 28.1 | 68.5 | 13.1 | 11.4 | TB | > 20 | 20.5 | Sex, age, HT, AF, AST, lipid profile, arterial embolectomy &/or emergency stent implantation, Intravenous thrombolysis | NR |