Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with and without CMB
Characteristics | Without CMBs (n = 731) | CMBs (n = 198) | Z/\(\:{\varvec{x}}^{2}\) | P - value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at last visit, yrs | 69.00 (64.00, 76.00) | 71.50 (66.00, 77.00) | -2.922 | 0.003 |
Sex | 16.361 | < 0.001 | ||
Men | 332 (45.42%) | 122 (61.62%) | ||
Women | 399 (54.58%) | 76 (38.38%) | ||
Education, yrs | 9.00 (6.00, 12.00) | 9.00 (6.00, 12.00) | -0.159 | 0.874 |
Course of disease, yrs | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | -1.811 | 0.070 |
Hypertension | 201 (27.50%) | 95 (47.98%) | 30.109 | < 0.001 |
T2DM | 64 (8.76%) | 60 (30.30%) | 62.545 | < 0.001 |
Heart disease | 63 (8.62%) | 67 (33.84%) | 82.338 | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 78 (10.67%) | 57 (28.79%) | 41.176 | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 75 (10.26%) | 88 (44.44%) | 125.846 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 61 (8.34%) | 65 (32.83%) | 79.664 | < 0.001 |
Fazekas | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | -5.860 | < 0.001 |
MTA-left | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | -4.206 | < 0.001 |
MTA-right | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | -4.385 | < 0.001 |
MTA-max | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | -4.125 | < 0.001 |
Clinical core features | n = 731 | n = 198 | ||
Visual hallucinations | 500 (68.40%) | 145 (73.23%) | 1.714 | 0.190 |
Fluctuating cognition | 353 (48.29%) | 119 (60.10%) | 8.696 | 0.003 |
Parkinsonism | 560 (76.61%) | 150 (75.76%) | 0.062 | 0.803 |
RBD | 415 (56.77%) | 111 (56.06%) | 0.032 | 0.858 |
Motor function | n = 469 | n = 128 | ||
UPDRS-III | 7.00 (0.00, 24.00) | 10.50 (0.00, 23.75) | -0.038 | 0.970 |
Hoehn-Yahn stage | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.25 (0.00, 2.00) | -0.146 | 0.884 |
0.0 | 170 (36.25%) | 48 (37.5%) | 4.371 | 0.730 |
1.0 | 80 (17.06%) | 16 (12.50%) | ||
1.5 | 38 (8.10%) | 11 (8.59%) | ||
2.0 | 95 (20.26%) | 30 (23.44%) | ||
2.5 | 16 (3.41%) | 2 (1.56%) | ||
3.0 | 51 (10.87%) | 18 (14.06%) | ||
4.0 | 15 (3.20%) | 3 (2.34%) | ||
5.0 | 4 (0.85%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
Cognitive function | n = 731 | n = 198 | ||
MMSE | 20.00 (14.00, 24.00) | 17.00 (13.00, 23.00) | -2.492 | 0.013 |
MoCA | 13.00 (8.00, 18.00) | 12.00 (7.00, 17.00) | -2.520 | 0.012 |
ADL | 25.00 (21.00, 34.00) | 29.00 (22.00, 38.00) | -2.959 | 0.003 |
CDR | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | -2.384 | 0.017 |
Behavioral and psychological symptoms | n = 347 | n = 109 | ||
Total-NPI scores | 8.00 (2.00, 18.00) | 14.00 (4.00, 21.50) | -2.486 | 0.013 |
Delusions | 114 (32.85%) | 47 (43.12%) | 3.827 | 0.050 |
Hallucinations | 260 (74.93%) | 89 (81.65%) | 2.088 | 0.148 |
Agitation | 86 (24.78%) | 33 (30.28%) | 1.297 | 0.255 |
Depression | 133 (38.33%) | 51 (46.79%) | 2.467 | 0.116 |
Anxiety | 117 (33.72) | 47 (43.12%) | 3.184 | 0.074 |
Euphoria | 20 (5.76%) | 13 (11.93%) | 4.693 | 0.030 |
Apathy | 129 (37.18%) | 45 (41.28%) | 0.593 | 0.441 |
Disinhibition | 32 (9.22%) | 22 (20.18%) | 9.547 | 0.002 |
Irritability | 107 (30.84%) | 50 (45.87%) | 8.306 | 0.004 |
Aberrant motor behavior | 94 (27.09%) | 42 (38.53%) | 5.189 | 0.023 |
Night-time behavior disturbances | 89 (25.65%) | 25 (22.94%) | 0.141 | 0.707 |
Appetite and eating abnormalities | 93 (43.87%) | 48 (59.26%) | 0.326 | 0.568 |