A feasibility study on the use of cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation to improve affected arm function in people in the chronic stage of a stroke

Table 2 Changes in clinical outcomes between pre- and post-CN-NINM paired with UL strength training

Clinical outcomes	Pre	Post	P-value^a
FMA (normal = 66)	47 ± 18	51 ± 18	0.003
WMFT
Score (normal = 5)	3.1 ± 1.5	3.3 ± 1.5	0.07
Time to completion (s)	35.7 ± 43.1	30.1 ± 36.9	0.09
Weight (maximum = 20 lbs)	13 ± 6	14 ± 6	0.11
MAL
Amount of use (normal = 5)	2.9 ± 1.5	3.1 ± 1.6	0.05
Quality of use (normal = 5)	2.9 ± 1.4	3.3 ± 1.6	0.01
Box and Block test
Affected side	19 ± 17	20 ± 17	0.23
Grip strength (kg)
Affected side	19 ± 12	20 ± 14	0.53

Note: ^aComparison Pre VS Post using Wilcoxon signed ranks test
Abbreviations: FMA, Fugl-Meyer Stroke Assessment; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function test; MAL, Motor Activity Log

ISSN: 1471-2377